Maribel+A.

__Definitions__ Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2012). A concise introduction to linguistics(Third ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
 * Chapter 1:**

Communication-behavior that affects the behavior of others by the transmission of information. Lexicon-A mental dictionary, the vocabulary that one has stored in the brain. Nonverbal-means not language. Any communication that is not conveyed through speech, writing, or sign language. Culture shock-the disorientation and anxiety that occur when social expectations are not met. __Media__ Communication Lexicon Nonverbal [] Culture Shock []

__Text Connection__
 * Communication || Lexicon || Nonverbal || Culture Shock ||
 * In order to establish a good relationship with anyone, we must learn to listen, respond, and use appropriate language and gestures to get our thoughts across. || My father’s constant reading has allowed him to have an extensive vocabulary and whatever topic we mention, it seems as though he just goes through his mental archives and away he goes. || We constantly communicate through gestures or facial expressions, people can determine whether we are happy, sad, or angry. || I believe my son and daughter will experience this when going to Costa Rica with their classmates, because lifestyles are different compared to the U.S. ||

__Definitions__ Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2012). A concise introduction to linguistics(Third ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
 * Chapter 2:**

Accent-way of pronouncing words that identifies one speaker of a language as speaking differently from another speaker of the same language. Homophones-words that sound the same but differ in meaning or spelling. Stress- means to make emphatic or more prominent.

__Media__ Accent

Homophones []

Stress

__Text Connection__
 * Accent || Homophones || Stress ||
 * My family from Texas has a strong Texan accent in the way they speak both English and Spanish. || I would always have to correct my son when using their (showing possession) instead of there (showing location), when writing his papers. || To place more emphasis on a certain syllable of a word I was taught to use my hands and clap out the word parts according to their pronounciation, and on each clap, the part was stressed. ||

__Definitions__ Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2012). A concise introduction to linguistics(Third ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
 * Chapter 3:**

Assimilation-the obligatory phonological process that makes it easier to pronounce combinations of sounds by making those sounds share a distinctive feature that in other environments one of the sounds would not have. Utterance-a stretch of speech between two periods of silence or a potential silence. Natural Class- a subset of the total set of phonemes that share a small number of phonetic (distinctive) features, which distinguishes the class from other natural classes. __Media__ Assimilation Utterance Natural Class

__Text connection__ and she not only converted but learned the language and wears the proper attire. || "For I have neither wit, nor words, nor worth, Action, nor **utterance**, nor the power of speech, To stir men's blood: I only speak right on." (Mark Antony in William Shakespeare's //Julius Caesar//, Act 3, scene 2) ||  || bere || ‘chicken’ || S-pere-be || ‘his chicken’ || []
 * Assimilation || Utterance || Natural Class ||
 * My step sister married a Muslim man,
 * biuuza? || ‘guest’ || S-piuuza-be || ‘his guest’ ||
 * daa || ‘mat’ || S-taa-be || ‘his mat’ ||
 * doo || ‘rope’ || S-too-be || ‘his rope’ ||
 * geta || ‘tortilla’ || S-keta-be || ‘his tortilla’ ||
 * gamiZa? || ‘shirt’ || S-kamiZa-be || ‘his shirt’ ||

__Definitions__ Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2012). A concise introduction to linguistics(Third ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
 * Chapter 4**

Compound: a word made up of two or more roots. Root: a morpheme usually but not always a free morpheme that carries the main meaning of those words. Prefix: an affix added to the beginning of a root. Suffix: an affix added to the end of a root. __Media__ compound- root- prefix- suffix-

__Text connection__ Red Schoolhouse, because not only were exposed to nature trails but it also served as a way of remembering the combination of both words school and house. || As a child I learned to view root as the roots of a tree, without them the tree would fall and lack meaning. The tree may have leaves and branches extending from it, and yet the most important part would continue to be the roots. || When I was growing up, a common slang term or phrase was "he dissed you", meaning he ignored you. Eventually I learned to associate this term with negativity, and now any time I add the prefix dis to a word I know to change its meaning into a negative version of it. || My daughter was instructed to cut out various suffixes and add them to a root word to see how it changed its meaning. She would hear "make sure you add the tail to the word', this allowed her to understand that a suffix is always at the end of a root. ||
 * Compound || Root || Prefix || Suffix ||
 * I enjoyed going on field trips to the Little

__Definitions:__ Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2012). A concise introduction to linguistics(Third ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
 * Chapter 5**

Syntax- a level of grammar that specifically refers to the arrangement of words and morphemes in the construction of sentences. Sentence-a string of words that is grammatically complete with at least 2 components, a subject and a predicate. constituents-the units being combined to create larger syntactic constructions. __Media__ syntax- sentence-

constituents-[]

__Text connection__

the one used by Trump. It is short, with emphasis on certain words, and all of the important words or names are left to the end. || When a child is learning to talk, 1,2,or 3 word phrases are heard and although we may understand what is being transmitted, it does take a while before a complete thought is formed, and therefore a sentence requires time, structure, and vocabulary. || Constituents according to chapter 5 are like building blocks that answer questions and can stand alone, ||
 * syntax || sentence || constituents ||
 * An example of unfamiliar political syntax is probably

__Definitions:__ Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2012). A concise introduction to linguistics(Third ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
 * Chapter 6:**

Semantics-Study of the meaning of linguistic expressions such as morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Sense-intended meaning of a word or phrase that in context clarifies the referent. markedness-the concept that some words or morphemes are more common or used than others.

__Media:__ semantics-[] sense-[]" markedness-

__Text connection:__ will allow me to further understand what is expected of me as a teacher of bilingual students. || When a student is learning a new language, it may difficult to grasp the intended meaning or sense of what native speakers of that language are trying to say. || Depending on the environment, audience, or comfort level one is in, there tend to be certain words that are more commonly used than others. || __ Definitions __ Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2012). A concise introduction to linguistics(Third ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
 * Semantics || sense || markedness ||
 * I believe that gaining experience in semantics
 * Chapter 7 **

Code Switching- the practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation Nativization- is the process whereby a language gains native speakers. This happens necessarily where a second language used by adult parents becomes the native language of their children. Dialect -the shared characteristics in speech of a group of people who live and interact with each other. Lingua franca-a common second language that people of two different countries will use to speak with one another. Sociolinguistics – the study of how language and social factors, such as ethnicity, social class, age gender and educational level, are related. Slang words – newly coined words or those that have never been completely accepted in formal speech.

__Media__ Code switching- Nativization- Dialect- Lingua Franca-[] Sociolinguistics-[] Slang Words-

__Text Connection__ kids in Los Angeles see the interchanging of Engligh for Spanish in daily conversations as common, accepted, and fun. || Indians had to leave their language in an attempt to communicate, trade, and survive, thereby taken up English and western European culture. || The word Torta in Mexico means a sandwich-like meal where in other parts of South America it can mean a cake. || English is recognized as the common language that allows for communication within the United States. || This field of study has helped discover the reasoning behind much of the lack of dedication and success immigrant students have when introduced into a new country and educational system. || I used the term ain't it, when I was younger, to show I agreed with something. ||
 * Code switching || Nativization || Dialect || Lingua Franca || Sociolinguistics || Slang words ||
 * It's interesting to know that

__Definitions__ Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2012). A concise introduction to linguistics(Third ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
 * Chapter 8**

Overgeneralization – When children acquire a morphological rule and then apply it too broadly Babbling -the verbalization made by babies beginning at four to six months of age, which alternates consonants and vowels, such as //bababa, gagaga, mamama//

__Media__ Overgeneralization- Babbling-

__Text Connection__ I have made an effort to make sure my children think otherwise. || Babies up to 6 months do this to try and communicate and it's really cute to listen to. I used to record my babies when they were going through this phase. ||
 * Generalization || Babbling ||
 * I have heard women are only good at being housewives, and so

__Defintions__ Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2012). A concise introduction to linguistics(Third ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.
 * Chapter 9**

Onomatopoeia -words that mimic, the sound made by some agent or situation. Fingerspelling -when different hand shapes represent different letters of the alphabet

__Media__ Onomatopoeia- Fingerspelling-

__Text Connection__ and give a sense of action. My daughter collects these types of comic strips. || I know how to finger spell my name, it was something I learned in a Sign Language Class I took years ago. ||
 * Onomatopoeia || Fingerspelling ||
 * Sounds that have a lot of impact are usually seen in comic strips, they are full of color,

__Definition__ Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2012). A concise introduction to linguistics(Third ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall. Kinesics-Study of communicating with body movements or, as it is sometimes called, body language. Facial expression-emotions or positions that happen in your face Proxemics- The study of the social use of space. Adaptors- kinesic behaviors that satisfy personal needs Primates-an order in the class of mammals that includes humans, apes, monkeys, tarries, and prosimians.
 * Chapter 11**

__Media__ Kinesics- Facial Expression- Proxemics-

Adaptors- Primates- __Text Connection__ which involve training U.S. military and law enforcement to understand what to look for when interviewing or someone interrogating someone. || One can't hide our true feelings because the look on our face gives us away. I know this because I can tell right away when my children are sad, upset, or even lying to me, just by the look they have. || There are certain cultures which prohibit women from having contact or allowing their personal space to be invaded by a man's presence. || I used to cover my mouth when speaking or smiling,in an attempt of calming my embarrassment of having bad teeth. || It is interesting to see how humans have come to evolve over time, although the change from animalistic behaviors as well as posture seem quite evident, we will always look back at our lineage. ||
 * Kinesics || Facial Expressions || Proxemics || Adaptors || Primates ||
 * There are jobs in Kinesics


 * Chapter 12**

__Definitions__ Rowe, B. M., & Levine, D. P. (2012). A concise introduction to linguistics(Third ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall. Analogy-the process whereby a dominant linguistic pattern in a language replaces exceptions to that pattern. Historical linguistics-the study of how languages change over time and the relationship among different languages. Language family-a group of languages derived from the same ancestral language. Sound change- the change of one or more destructive features of a sound to another feature or features. social cultural changes-changes in a language that contribute to changes in culture.

Media Analogy- Historical Linguistics- Language Family- Sound Change- [] Social Cultural Change- analogy that fits with every situation. || Latin has changed over time and has been carried and used in different parts of the world that it has expanded and been transformed into new languages. || It is easier to learn to speak Italian, French, or Portuguese, when one already knows Spanish because they are all derived from Latin. || I didn't recognize my voice when I heard it on speaker phone, this was do the change through echo and the various channels it gone though instead of coming directly from my mouth. || Mexican culture in Mexico itself has changed when it comes to city inhabitants. This has occurred because of western influence in clothing, buildings, technology, and even clothes. ||
 * analogy || historical linguistics || language family || sound change || social cultural change ||
 * My father always seems to have an