Maryam+B.

Please use this page for your contributions to the Collaborative Study Guide (Weeks Two, Three, and Four).

=WEEK TWO: CHAPTERS FOUR, FIVE AND SIX.=

Morphology (Chapter 4)
"Is the study of the structure and classification of words and the units that make up words." Media: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxARj07jFp0 Citation:

Hyphenated Compound (chapter 4)
"has a hyphen or hyphens between the different roots of the compound" Text-to-self: When first learning about hyphens in elementry school, it was very confusing. I remember telling myself hyphens help make the sentence make sense. Media: https://youtu.be/g0WptlLlhfU Citation:

Head of a compound: (Chapter 4)
"Is similar to its topic, that is, the main, most general, or core meaning of the compound. the head also determines the grammatical function of the compound." Text-to-self: When I look at this example, it reminds me of using the "tree" method in school. Media:
 * [[image:Head-medial_picture.jpg width="490" height="285"]]

Lexical Categories (Chapter 4)
"Are major grammatical classes into which words (not morphemes) can be divided" Media: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJTqfoiSRzc Citation:

Predicate: (Chapter 5)
Of a sentence in traditional grammar is a comment or assertion made about the topic. In most modern grammars, the predicate is seen as an element that assigns a property to another element in a sentence or helps to relate other elements to each other thereby completing the meaning of predicate. Text-to: Citation:

Adjuncts: (Chapter 5)
"Are optional elements of a sentence. they add information that is not essential to the meaning of the predicate." Media: Citation:

Determiner: (Chapter 5)
"Is a word used before a noun to indicate whether the noun refers to something that is specific or general. Text-to Citation:

Lexical Semantics (Chapter 6)
"Is the branch of semantics that deals with the meaning of words" Media: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YreONiYP23k Citation:

Semantic Properties: (Chapter 6)
are the elements of meaning that make up the lexical entry of the word in the speakers mind. Text-to: Citation:

Markedness: (Chapter 6)
"as it relates to semantics, is the concept that some words or morphemes are more common or usual than others"
 * [[image:Image24.gif width="460" height="413"]]

Citation used for all: Rowe, D. and Levine, P. (2015). A concise introduction to linguistics (4th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.

=WEEK THREE, CHAPTERS EIGHT AND NINE.=

Innateness Hypothesis (Chapter 8)
"Proposes that children have the innate capacity to differentiate phonemes, extract words from the stream of language, and process grammar."

Universal Grammar (Chapter 8)
"Is the system involving phonemic differences, word order, and phrase recognition that is the basis for the theory of the innateness of language acquisition"

Imitation Hypothesis (Chapter 8)
"Of language acquisition proposes that children acquire language by imitating the people around them." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lEKDodhJPI

Babbling (Chapter 8)
"Is the verbalization made by babies beginning at for to six months of age, which alternates consonants and vowels, such as //bababa, gagaga, mamama."// https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPKum-YIWnw

Two-word Stage (Chapter 8)
"Which begins sometime after eighteen months of age, is when children begin combining words into two-word utterances." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeHJyezQh0U

Telegraphic Speech (Chapter 8)
"Occurs as children begin adding more words to their two-word sentences." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuIlSdw563E

Contact Sign (Chapter 9)
"Is analogous to oral pidgin languages and is used by signer and interpreter to communicate about specific things."

Fingerspelling (Chapter 9)
"Different hand shapes represent different letters of the alphabet. Words of an oral language can be spelled directly."



Total Communication Teaching (Chapter 9)
"Is a teaching philosophy in which instruction is given for as many channels and types of communication as possible."

Cherology (Chapter 9)
"Is the term formerly used for the phonology of sign language"

=WEEK THREE CHAPTERS ELEVEN AND TWELVE.=

Nonverbal Communication (Chapter 11)
"Is any communication that occurs between people, usually within each other's presence, by means other than spoken or written words or the signs of a sign language."

Speech-related gestures (Chapter 11)
"are kinesic behaviors that coordinate with and accompany speech. Speech-related gestures include illustrators and regulators."

Adaptors (Chapter 11)
"Are kinesic behaviors that satisfy personal needs, such as nervousness, and are not meant to communicate."

Affect Displays (Chapter 11)
"Are kinestic behaviors that communicate the real or faked emotional state of the communicator."

Primates (chapter 11)
"Are an order in the class of mammals that includes humans, apes, monkeys, tarsiers, and prosimians."

Wave model (Chapter 12)
"Of language relatedness attempts to deal with some of the weakness of the family tree model. It characterized a specific language change as spreading out from central point in a manner similar to a wave created when a small object is thrown into water. Changes spread at different rates. Some changes reinforce other changes and others interact to create additional change."

Sound change (Chapter 12)
"Is the change of one or more distinctive features of a sound to another feature or features."

Unconditioned sound change (Chapter 12)
"Is a sound change that appears to have happened spontaneously and everywhere (with few exceptions) in the language"

Morphological changes (Chapter 12)
"in a language are changes in the word of the language and include changes in the meaning of words, the addition of new words and analogy"

Syntactic changes (chapter 12)
"Are changes in the rules for structures larger than words